Gradenigo's syndrome includes hearing loss along with which symptom?

Gradenigo's syndrome is characterized by a specific set of symptoms that occur as a complication of a middle ear infection, particularly involving the mastoid process. One of the hallmark symptoms of Gradenigo's syndrome is diplopia, or double vision, which arises from the involvement of the abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) as it exits the skull near the ear.

The other symptoms associated with Gradenigo's syndrome include hearing loss, which is a common consequence of middle ear disease, and may involve earache or discharge from the ear (otorrhea) due to infections in that region. Vesicles, on the other hand, are typically associated with viral infections or specific skin conditions and do not relate to the classic presentation of Gradenigo's syndrome. Therefore, identifying diplopia as a key symptom allows for a clearer understanding of the condition and its neurological implications. Recognizing this association can guide further evaluation and management of patients presenting with these symptoms following ear infections.