What condition is characterized by abnormal bone growth in the middle ear?

Otosclerosis is the condition characterized by abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, specifically involving the stapes bone. In this condition, new bone growth occurs around the stapes, which can impede its ability to vibrate efficiently in response to sound waves. As a result, individuals with otosclerosis often experience conductive hearing loss due to the disruption of sound transmission through the middle ear.

The abnormal bone growth typically affects the stapedial footplate, leading to fixation and a decrease in the mechanical advantage of the ossicular chain. This form of hearing loss can also manifest in some cases as mixed hearing loss if the condition progresses and also affects the inner ear.

Understanding otosclerosis helps distinguish it from other ear-related conditions, such as ototoxicity, which refers to damage to the inner ear caused by toxins or medications. Otitis media involves inflammation of the middle ear, often leading to fluid accumulation and temporary hearing loss, but does not involve abnormal bone growth. Sensorineural hearing loss is related to damage in the inner ear or auditory nerve rather than bone abnormalities in the middle ear.